Adhesion Characteristics of HAp Functional Coatings onto 3D-Printed Ti-6Al-4V and PEEK IPCs for Enhanced Bioactivity
Main Article Content
Keywords
Biomedical implants, HAp coating, PEEK, Ti-6Al-4V, Biomimetic deposition, Osteointegration
Abstract
The current study probes the growth and characterization of composite hydroxyapatite (HAp) coatings on titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V, Grade 5 titanium) + polyetheretherketone (PEEK) substrates by a biomimetic deposition technique. HAp coatings were deposited on three titanium-based substrates: solid Ti-6Al-4V, three-dimensional printed porous Ti-6Al-4V, and interpenetrating composites (IPCs) Ti-6Al-4V + PEEK utilizing 10× concentrated simulated body fluid (SBF) buffered in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS or tromethamine) solution at physiological temperature (37 ℃). Analysis of adhesion strength was carried out for assessing the mechanical bonding behavior of HAp coating with various substrate configurations. Surface analysis methods, such as scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry, established the growth of crystalline HAp with morphology similar to bone with all substrates. The findings proved that porous Ti-6Al-4V substrates had better adhesion strength through increased mechanical interlocking, and composite Ti-6Al-4V + PEEK substrates had a better stress distribution and a lower interface mismatch. The values of adhesion strength were from 16.6 ± 2.0 megapascal (MPa) for non-treated coatings to 30.0 ± 2.0 MPa for optimized composite coatings, greatly surpassing the minimum clinical requirements of ≥ 10 MPa. The displaced biomimetic HAp coatings enhanced wettability, better corrosion resistance, and increased apatite formation in SBF, relative to uncoated substrates. These results indicate that composite HAp coatings on Ti-6Al-4V + PEEK IPCs are a potential method for fabricating superior bioactive implant surfaces with outstanding mechanical and biological performance for orthopedic and dental applications.
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