Next-Generation Smart Biomaterials in Dental Implantology: Titanium and Emerging Alternatives
Main Article Content
Keywords
Additive manufacturing, Artificial intelligence in dentistry, Bioactive implants, Bioresorbable implants, Dental implantology, Titanium implants
Abstract
Background: Tooth loss affects approximately 3.74 billion people globally, with 7% of the population aged 20 years or older experiencing complete edentulism. Traditional prosthetic solutions present significant limitations, including poor retention and accelerated bone loss. Contemporary dental implantology has undergone substantial evolution since 2020, incorporating advanced biomaterials, multifunctional surface modifications, and digital AI-driven workflows to address these clinical challenges. Objective: This review synthesises recent advances in dental implant materials, surface technologies, design methodologies, and clinical protocols published between 2020 and 2025, with an emphasis on emerging biomaterials and intelligent digital approaches that enhance osseointegration, survival rates, and personalised patient outcomes. Material and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted examining established implant materials (commercially pure titanium, β-type titanium alloys, yttria-stabilised tetragonal zirconia polycrystal), emerging bioactive and bioresorbable systems (magnesium alloys, polylactic acid/β-tricalcium phosphate composites), surface modification strategies, digital technologies, artificial intelligence applications, mechanical complications, biological complications management, and clinical loading protocols. Results: Contemporary titanium implants with sandblasted, large-grit acid-etched surfaces achieve 96–99% five-year survival rates, while metal-free zirconia systems demonstrate survival rates of 94–97%. Emerging β-type alloys and bioresorbable systems show promising preclinical and early clinical results. Immediate and early functional loading protocols deliver comparable outcomes to conventional delayed loading when primary stability criteria are met. AI-assisted diagnostics achieve greater than 98% accuracy in anatomical segmentation and over 90% predictive accuracy for implant failure. Peri-implantitis remains a predominant challenge with 44% recurrence rates despite surgical intervention. Conclusion: Next-generation dental implantology represents a paradigm shift toward predictable, personalised care through synergistic integration of biomaterial innovation, digital workflows, and artificial intelligence. While established materials demonstrate reliable long-term success, bioresorbable and bioactive systems offer regenerative potential requiring optimisation of degradation kinetics and mechanical durability. Addressing peri-implantitis recurrence and standardising clinical endpoints for emerging technologies remain critical priorities for achieving consistent long-term clinical success.
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Dec 29, 2025
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Palta, A., Palta, P., & Kumar, V. (2025). Next-Generation Smart Biomaterials in Dental Implantology: Titanium and Emerging Alternatives. Global Clinical Engineering Journal, 7(4), 77–103. https://doi.org/10.31354/globalce.v7i4.371
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